Human Capital Model (HCM)

In business you may hear the term “human capital” used in relation to building and maintaining an organization. A human capital model is the pattern employed by an organization to best use the human capital at their disposal. Let’s briefly look at these terms.

Webster (2005) defines capital in part as, “wealth (money or property) owned or used in business by a person, corporation, etc… wealth, in whatever form, used or capable of being used to produce more wealth… any source of benefit or assistance.”

To speak of “human capital” is to express the value of human beings to the success of an enterprise, and hence the importance of investing in their training, education, and well being. Human capital theory is rooted in the work of British economists Sir William Petty and Adam Smith. “It postulates that expenditure on training and education is costly, and should be considered an investment since it is undertaken with a view to increasing personal incomes” (Becker, 1964). Marshall (1998) asserts that, “Human capital arises out of any activity able to raise individual worker productivity.”

Too often leaders see human resources as a commodity to be used up rather than to be cared for. Bolman and Deal (2003) place the emphasis of “human resources” as seeing human beings as a valuable resource to be nurtured and cared for, not just expended as a means of production. The assumption is that there is a symbiotic relationship between employees and the organizations that employ them. They suggest a human resource perspective should embrace the following core assumptions:

• Organizations exist to serve human needs rather than the reverse.
• People and organizations need each other. Organizations need ideas, energy and talent; people need careers, salaries and opportunities.
• When the fit between individual and system is poor, one or both suffer. Individuals are exploited or exploit the organization—or both become victims.
• A good fit benefits both. Individuals find meaningful and satisfying work, and organizations get the talent and energy they need to succeed (p. 115).

As to my organization, since my organization is the Church, our primary emphasis (our HCM if you will) is upon the value and worth of every human life—created by God with intention and purpose. God has made the supreme investment toward the salvation of humankind. However, from a capitalistic point of view, being a non-profit organization, we are not as concerned with people being productive toward the accumulation of more wealth as we are of people realizing their God-given potential toward their own personal fulfillment and the building of His kingdom.

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References:

Becker, G.S. (1964). Human Capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis with special

reference to education. New York. Retrieved Sep 7, 2009 from http://economyprofessor.com/economictheories/human-capital-theory.php

Bolman, L.G. & Deal, T.E. (2003). Reframing Organizations. Artistry, choice and

            leadership. San Francisco: Jose-Bass

Marshall, G. (1998). Human capital theory. A Dictionary of Sociology.

Retrieved Sep 7, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com:

http://www.encyclopedia.co./doc/1O88-Humancapitaltheory.html

Webster’s New World College Dictionary (4^th ed). (2005).

Cleveland, OH: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

Authentic Leadership –Part 5

This is the fifth in a series of blog posts examining the subject of “Authentic Leadership.”

Part 1 was posted on June 6, 2016; Part 2 was posted on June 13, 2016; Part 3 was posted on June 20, 2016; Part 4 was posted on June 27, 2016.

Abstract

What does it mean to be authentic? What does authentic leadership look like? What are the qualities and characteristics of an authentic leader? What deterrents are there to being authentic? Is authenticity a help or deterrent to strategic communication? What is the place of vulnerability and truthfulness in being authentic? To what leadership models should authentic leaders be compared? In this series of blog posts we will address these questions along with the postulation that authentic leadership must be measured universally against the servant leadership model exemplified by Jesus Christ, and individually against the specific gifts and purpose each individual has been endowed with by their Creator.

Authentic Leadership – Part 5

In previous posts in this series on authentic leadership we have defined what it means to be authentic. We have offered the servant leadership of Christ as the model to be emulated. We have examined how a lack of social awareness and a misuse of power are deterrents to authentic leadership. And we have suggested that as leaders truthfully and honestly make themselves vulnerable, authenticity is enhanced and power need not be relinquished. Today we will conclude this series by looking at qualities and characteristics of authentic leaders.

What are the Qualities and Characteristics of an Authentic Leader?

The qualities and characteristics of an authentic servant leader after the model of Christ include following after such traits as humility, love, joy, peace, generosity, strength, courage, integrity, honesty, and an organizational system built on interdependent relationships.

Eisenberg, Goodall and Trethewey (2007) define a system as, “a complex set of relationships among interdependent components or parts” (p. 106). An organizational system of interdependence “refers both to the wholeness of the system and its environment and to the interrelationships of individuals within the system” (p. 107). A portion of scripture that is particularly apropos when building and leading teams, is found in the book of Romans in the Bible. The Apostle Paul gives a wonderful illustration of interdependence. He writes…

³ For by the grace given me I say to every one of you: Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought, but rather think of yourself with sober judgment, in accordance with the measure of faith God has given you. ⁴ Just as each of us has one body with many members, and these members do not all have the same function, ⁵ so in Christ we who are many form one body, and each member belongs to all the others. ⁶ We have different gifts, according to the grace given us (NIV Bible, Romans 12:3-6).

Paul’s exhortation to leaders in Christ’s Church is to recognize and appreciate that each individual has a place in the whole and that the whole cannot operate properly without all of its parts working interdependently.

As to the question of what traits, characteristics and qualities a leader must possess to work within an organizational system of interdependence, Paul starts by stating one important trait: “Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought” (v. 3). But then, after explaining that every individual will be gifted somewhere within a list of seven different categories of natural gifts and talents (vv. 6-8, a fascinating and enlightening study in itself), Paul goes on to list more traits we should embrace:

⁹ Love must be sincere. Hate what is evil; cling to what is good. ¹⁰ Be devoted to one another in brotherly love. Honor one another above yourselves. ¹¹ Never be lacking in zeal, but keep your spiritual fervor, serving the Lord. ¹² Be joyful in hope, patient in affliction, faithful in prayer. ¹³ Share with God's people who are in need. Practice hospitality (NIV Bible, Romans 12:9-13).

So leadership traits, characteristics and qualities will include:

1.                  Keeping our egos in check (don’t think too highly of yourself, v. 3)

2.                  Sincerely caring for team members (love sincerely, v. 9)

3.                  Maintaining high ethical standards (hate evil, cling to good, v.9)

4.                  Being committed to your team members (be devoted to on another, v. 10)

5.                  Seeking recognition for the team above yourself (honor one another above yourselves, v. 10)

6.                  Maintaining zealousness (never be lacking in zeal, keep your fervor, v. 11)

7.                  Being joyful, hopeful, patient, faithful and hospitable (vv. 12-13)

These traits and characteristics speak to the heart of the leader. Wayne Cordeiro (2001) suggests that building teams, forging relationships, and communicating effectively does not begin with a certain kind of technique; it begins with a certain kind of heart. Such a heart, he states, “constantly asks, How can I include others? It anticipates the joy of sharing experiences, struggles and victories, realizing that, like the body, we work best in teams—the way God designed us to function” (p. 77).

Leaders may be authentically good, authentically mediocre, or authentically evil, depending upon what model they strive to emulate. If more leaders would seek to become authentic servant leaders after the model of Christ Jesus, strategic planning, organizational health and operational efficiency would certainly be enhanced.

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NOTE: Please visit this blog site each week (a new blog is posted every Monday). This blog entry is part 5 of a series of blog posts examining the subject of Authentic Leadership. Part 1 was posted on 2017-07-10, Part 2 was posted on 2017-07-17, Part 3 was posted 2017-07-24, Part 4 was posted on 2017-07-31.

References:

Eisenberg, E.M., Goodall, H.L. & Trethewey, A. (2007). Oganizational Communication,

            Balancing creativity and constraint. Boston, MA: Bedford.st Martin’s

Holy Bible, New International Version (NIV) (1984). International Bible Society,

            Zondervan Publishing House

Cordeiro, W. (2001). Doing church as a Team. Ventura, CA: Regal Books/ Gospel Light

Authentic Leadership –Part 4

This is the fourth in a series of blog posts examining the subject of “Authentic Leadership.”

Part 1 was posted on June 6, 2016; Part 2 was posted on June 13, 2016; Part 3 was posted on June 20, 2016.

Abstract

What does it mean to be authentic? What does authentic leadership look like? What are the qualities and characteristics of an authentic leader? What deterrents are there to being authentic? Is authenticity a help or deterrent to strategic communication? What is the place of vulnerability and truthfulness in being authentic? To what leadership models should authentic leaders be compared? In this series of blog posts we will address these questions along with the postulation that authentic leadership must be measured universally against the servant leadership model exemplified by Jesus Christ, and individually against the specific gifts and purpose each individual has been endowed with by their Creator.

Authentic Leadership – Part 4

In parts 1 and 2 of this series we have defined what it means to be authentic: Conforming to, copying, reproducing or having the same characteristics as an original. We have suggested that the best model of leadership to be emulated and conformed to is the selfless leadership exemplified by Christ. Last week, in part 3, we looked at a lack of social awareness and the misuse of power as deterrents to authentic leadership. In regard to the use of power in leadership, this week we will consider whether truthfulness and vulnerability are a help or a hindrance.

Is Being Vulnerable and Truthful Prerequisite to Being Authentic?

Does a leader lose power in finding their authentic voice as leader if this includes actions such as truth-telling and being vulnerable? Being open and honest, especially about your feelings, certainly opens you up to vulnerability. Whenever we drop our defenses and approach another person with open arms, we risk the chance of being hit with a cheap shot. The opposite, keeping ourselves behind a wall of protection, renders us incapable of meaningful interchange with other people. Simon and Garfunkel (1965) recorded a sad song titled I am a Rock that expresses the feeling of vulnerability that causes one to hide from relationships with others. The lyrics in part go like this:

            I am a rock.

I am an island.

            I’ve built walls;

A fortress deep and mighty,

That none may penetrate.

            I have no need of friendship; friendship causes pain.

Its laughter and its loving I disdain.

I am a rock.

I am an island.

I am shielded in my armor,

Hiding in my room,

Safe within my womb.

I touch no one and no one touches me.

I am a rock.

I am an island.

And a rock feels no pain,

And an island never cries.

To seal oneself off from relationships with others for fear of the pain is to relegate oneself to pain of another kind—the pain of loneliness, lack of joy, and want of purpose.

Cloud and Townsend (2003) profess that successful confrontation always involves balancing grace and truth. “Grace is your being on the side of, of ‘for,’ the other person as well as the relationship. Truth is the reality of whatever you need to say about the problem” (p. 42). Jesus Christ was the perfect balance of these two elements. “For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ” (NIV Bible, John 1:17). People need both grace and truth in relationships with God and with each other. With Christ-like authenticity, power is not lost, but gained through truth and vulnerability.           

(to be continued)

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NOTE: Please visit this blog site each week (a new blog is posted every Monday). This blog entry is part 4 of a series of blog posts examining the subject of Authentic Leadership. Part 1 was posted on 2017-07-10, Part 2 was posted on 2017-07-17, Part 3 was posted 2017-07-24.

Next week: Part 5 - “What are the Qualities and Characteristics of an Authentic Leader?”

References:

Simon, P. (1965). I am a Rock [Recorded by Simon and Garfunkel].

On Sounds of Silence. Retrieved June 26, 2016, from http://sglyrics.myrmid.com/sounds.htm#track11  

Cloud, H. & Townsend, J. (2003). Boundaries Face to Face.

How to have that difficult conversation you’ve been avoiding.

Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan

Authentic Leadership - Part 3

This is the third in a series of blog posts examining the subject of “Authentic Leadership.”

Part 1 was posted on June 6, 2016; Part 2 was posted on June 13, 2016.

Abstract

What does it mean to be authentic? What does authentic leadership look like? What are the qualities and characteristics of an authentic leader? What deterrents are there to being authentic? Is authenticity a help or deterrent to strategic communication? What is the place of vulnerability and truthfulness in being authentic? To what leadership models should authentic leaders be compared? In this series of blog posts we will address these questions along with the postulation that authentic leadership must be measured universally against the servant leadership model exemplified by Jesus Christ, and individually against the specific gifts and purpose each individual has been endowed with by their Creator.

Authentic Leadership – Part 3

In parts 1 and 2 of this series we have defined what it means to be authentic: Conforming to, copying, reproducing or having the same characteristics as an original. We have suggested that the best model of leadership to be emulated and conformed to is the selfless leadership exemplified by Christ.

What Deterrents Are There to Being Authentic?

Since authenticity is relative to a model of some kind, it should be noted that not all models are good. There are leaders who are authentically bad or even evil. However, since we are examining authenticity against the model of Christ and our created purpose, we will consider deterrents to being authentically good. There are many ways and means by which authentic Christ-likeness may be deterred. Anything that separates one from God has the capability to keep them from being authentic. We will touch on only a few potential deterrents.

A lack of social awareness can be a hindrance. Albrecht (2006) observes that those who are self-centered, preoccupied with their own feelings, needs and interests, and not open to the needs, feelings and interests of others, will find it difficult to gain acceptance and cooperation from others (p. 34). Albrecht also points out that extreme narcissism that renders one incapable of engaging in two-way relationships of mutuality, sharing and support is certainly a hindrance (p. 98). Perhaps one of the greatest deterrents is the misuse of power by a leader.

Power can be viewed in many different ways from corruptive power to benevolent

exertion of influence. Eisenberg, Goodall & Trethewey (2007) cite French and Raven with describing, “five types of social power, following the assumption that person A has power over person B when A has control of some outcome B wants” (p. 168). These five types are listed as: Reward power, Coercive power, Referent power, Expert power, and Legitimate power. Research conducted by McClelland & Burnham (1976) finds that managers that have a high “power motivation” achieve better results, as judged by the morale of those working for them. But they note that “power motivation” does not refer to dictatorial behavior but rather a strong desire to exert influence and to have impact (p. 120).

J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings is a study in the corruption of power. The narrator of the story bemoans, “Nine rings were gifted to the race of men who, above all else, desire power… The hearts of men are easily corrupted and the ring of power has a will of its own” (Walsh, 2001, Fellowship of the Ring). Bolman and Deal (2003) state, “There is no guarantee that those who gain power will use it wisely or justly” (p. 201). They further state, “there will always be temptation whenever gargantuan egos and large sums of money are at stake. Top managers too rarely think or talk about the moral dimension of management and leadership” (p. 219). That’s where the greatest potential for destructive use of power lies, when the moral dimension is ignored and personal egos and selfish gain are at the forefront. What is the antidote? If it is true that the moral dimension is “too rarely” thought about or talked about, then it should be brought to the forefront and addressed. Again, this is where the selfless model of servant leadership exemplified by Christ must be championed and continuously rehearsed to maintain authentic leadership. Strategic planning, effective communication, sound team building, achievement of goals, and accomplishment of objectives will only be enhanced when this model of authenticity is adhered to.   

(to be continued)

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NOTE: Please visit this blog site each week (a new blog is posted every Monday). This blog entry is part 3 of a series of blog posts examining the subject of Authentic Leadership. Part 1 was posted on 2017-07-10, Part 2 was posted on 2017-07-17

Next week: Part 4 - “Is Being Vulnerable and Truthful Prerequisite to Being Authentic?”

References:

Albrecht, K. (2006). Social Intelligence. The new science of success.

San Francisco: Josey-Bass.

Eisenberg, E.M., Goodall, H.L. & Trethewey, A. (2007). Organizational Communication.

 Balancing creativity and constraint. Boston, MA: Bedford/St Martin’s

McClelland, D.C. & Burnham, D.H. (1976). Power is the great motivator. Harvard

Business Review. Jan 2003, Reprint RO301J. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing

Walsh, F., Boyen, P. & Jackson, P. (2001). The Lord of the Rings. Fellowship of the ring.

            Screenplay. New Line Cinema, Wingnut Films Production.

Bolman, L.G. & Deal, T.E. (2003). Reframing Organizations. Artistry, choice, and

leadership. San Francisco: Josey-Bass

Authentic Leadership –Part 2

This is the second in a series of blog posts examining the subject of “Authentic Leadership.”

Part 1 was posted on June 6, 2016.

Abstract

What does it mean to be authentic? What does authentic leadership look like? What are the qualities and characteristics of an authentic leader? What deterrents are there to being authentic? Is authenticity a help or deterrent to strategic communication? What is the place of vulnerability and truthfulness in being authentic? To what leadership models should authentic leaders be compared? In this series of blog posts we will address these questions along with the postulation that authentic leadership must be measured universally against the servant leadership model exemplified by Jesus Christ, and individually against the specific gifts and purpose each individual has been endowed with by their Creator.

Authentic Leadership – Part 2

To What Models Should Authentic Leadership Be Compared?

We began this series last week by defining what it means to be authentic. We found that authenticity has to do with conforming to, copying, reproducing or having the same characteristics as an original. We continue this week suggesting that the best model of leadership to be emulated and conformed to is the selfless leadership exemplified by, arguably the greatest and most influential leader of all time, Christ Jesus.

First, Compare Against the Servant Leadership Model of Jesus Christ

⁵ Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus:

⁶ Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, ⁷ but made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness. ⁸ And being found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself and became obedient to death — even death on a cross! (NIV Bible, Philippians 2:5-8).

To the men Jesus himself was mentoring for future leadership, he taught…

²⁵ …“You know that the rulers in this world lord it over their people, and officials flaunt their authority over those under them. ²⁶ But among you it will be different. Whoever wants to be a leader among you must be your servant, ²⁷ and whoever wants to be first among you must become your slave. ²⁸ For even the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve others and to give his life as a ransom for many.” (NLT Bible, Matthew 20:25-28).

Don Howell (2003) notes that, “Those who stand out in Scripture as leaders are designated, first of all, ‘servants of the Lord’” (p. 4). Christ exemplified leadership that brought righteousness through freedom, greatness through servanthood, and salvation through the courage of sacrifice. The apostle Paul admonished those who followed his leadership that they should in turn follow Christ's example: “Follow my example, as I follow the example of Christ” (NIV Bible, 1 Corinthians 11:1).

Second, Compare Against the Gifts and Purpose for Which God has Created You

Secondly, authentic leadership must be compared against the specific gifts and purpose each individual has been endowed with by their Creator. Servant leadership means that one will not think more highly of themselves than they ought. The servant leader will realize the s/he is an equal member of an interdependent team.

⁴ Just as each of us has one body with many members, and these members do not all have the same function, ⁵ so in Christ we who are many form one body, and each member belongs to all the others. ⁶ We have different gifts, according to the grace given us. (NIV Bible, Romans 12:4-6).

Authenticity, in this vein, is when one is doing and being exactly what the Creator has created them to do and be. This is hopefully in concord with others who are doing the same. Nevertheless, regardless of others, an authentic leader will be true to who they have been destined by their Creator to be.

  

(to be continued)

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NOTE: Please visit this blog site each week (a new blog is posted every Monday). This blog entry is part 2 of a series of blog posts examining the subject of Authentic Leadership. Part 1 was posted on 2017-07-10.

Next week: Part 3 - “What Deterrents Are There to Being Authentic?”

References:

Howell, D.N. (2003). Servant of the Servant. A biblical theology of leadership.

Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers.

Authentic Leadership –Part 1

This is the first in a series of blog posts examining the subject of “Authentic Leadership.”

Abstract

What does it mean to be authentic? What does authentic leadership look like? What are the qualities and characteristics of an authentic leader? What deterrents are there to being authentic? Is authenticity a help or deterrent to strategic communication? What is the place of vulnerability and truthfulness in being authentic? To what leadership models should authentic leaders be compared? In this series of blog posts we will address these questions along with the postulation that authentic leadership must be measured universally against the servant leadership model exemplified by Jesus Christ, and individually against the specific gifts and purpose each individual has been endowed with by their Creator.

Authentic Leadership – Part 1

Being Authentic

What Does it Mean to be Authentic?

I remember watching Kevin Kostner’s (1990) Academy Award winning motion picture Dances with Wolves for the first time. The opening scene panned across a hodgepodge of civil War gear strewn about among wounded and bleeding soldiers. I was immediately impressed with the detail of the authentic looking items as they passed by the big screen. Even the stitching on the boots and the nails used to attach the heels were definitely different from what would be seen today. Later, I saw a behind-the-scenes feature about the making of the movie. The producers explained how they went to great lengths to be sure that every prop and costume was made authentically to the same specifications as what was actually used in the Civil War. These were not genuine Civil War artifacts, but authentic reproductions. In this sense, being authentic is not the same as being genuine.

Merriam-Webster (2016) defines the word authentic as…

…worthy of acceptance or belief as conforming to or based on fact… conforming to an original so as to reproduce essential features… made or done the same way as an original… not false or imitation: real, actual… true to one’s personality, spirit, or character (Mirriam-Webster, 2016).

In each definition, authenticity has to do with conforming to, copying, reproducing or having the same characteristics as an original. Even being “true to one’s own personality, spirit, or character” implies comparing one’s behavior against previous norms. Therefore we may surmise that authenticity occurs only in comparison to something. This should not, however, imply that being authentic means something or someone is false or merely an imitation. A Civil War boot that is made with the same materials, using the same tools, and to the same specifications as the original boots is as real as the genuine article even if not the original. With this understanding of what it means to be authentic, we must also ask what we are comparing authenticity against.

Susan Scott (2004) expresses the belief that one cannot enjoy the life, make the decisions or be the leader they are capable of being unless their actions represent an authentic representation of who they really are. As authenticity relates to conversation, she admonishes, “You must deliberately, purposely come out from behind yourself into the conversation an make it real—at least your part of it” (p. 67). Scott’s definition of being authentic accentuates individualism. It is a process that begins “—when you cease to compare yourself with others and choose, instead, to live your life… It is a deepening integrity—when who you are and what you live are brought into alignment” (pp. 72-73). Karl Albrecht (2006) echoes this idea, suggesting that authenticity is the dimension of, “how honest and sincere you are with people and with yourself, in any given situation” (p. 87). Certainly individuals need to live their own life, discover their own gifts and fulfill their own purpose. This involves taking responsibility for our own actions. Steven Covey (1990) suggests that individuals should, “Look at the word responsibility as ‘response-ability’—the ability to choose your response” (p. 71). We must take responsibility for ourselves and be proactive. We cannot make our experience the same as anyone else’s. The measure of our authenticity as leaders is not in comparison to anyone else’s experience. Yet, by definition, authenticity requires that it be validated as compared against some original, norm or standard. If comparing ourselves with others is being inauthentic, to what then should an authentic leader compare him/herself?

(to be continued)

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NOTE: Please visit this blog site each week (a new blog is posted every Monday). Over the next few weeks we will be continuing more parts on this subject of Authentic Leadership.

Next week: Part 2 - “To What Models Should Authentic Leadership Be Compared?”

References:

Kostner, K. (Producer/Director). (1990). Dances with Wolves [Motion picture].

            United States: Orion Pictures.

authentic. (2016). In Merriam-Webster online dictionary. Retrieved June 6, 2016,

            from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/authentic

Scott, S. (2004). Fierce Conversations. Achieving success at work and in life, one conversation

at a time. New York: The Berkley Publishing Group

Albrecht, K. (2006). Social Intelligence. The new science of success. San Francisco: Josey-Bass

Covey, S.R. (1990). The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. Restoring the character ethic.

            New York: fireside/Simon & Schuster

Some Thoughts on Effective Leadership Habits

Eisenberg, Goodall and Tretheway in their book, Organizational Communication (2007) suggest that great leaders possess a unique combination of habits: habits of mind, habits of character and habits of authentic and compelling communicative performance (p. 281). Let’s briefly think about each of these.

Habits of Mind

Eisenberg et al. (2007) describe habits of mind as patterned ways of thinking that define how a person approaches issues and conceives of resolving or dealing with them (p. 281). They cite Quinn as proffering that, “leadership is less a prescribed set of behaviors than it is a uniquely expansive mindset, one that is focused on the creation of possibility” (p. 281).

As we think about the habits of the mind, I am reminded of the importance of how we direct our thinking. Philippians 4:9 in the Bible tells us. “…whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable – if anything is excellent or praiseworthy – think about such things” (NIV Bible, Philippians 4:8-9). Developing the habit of mind that accentuates our thinking toward good and positive things will help to train ourselves toward more positive attitudes. Maxwell (2003) advises leaders that, “If you are willing to change your thinking, you can change your feeling. If you change your feelings, you can change your actions. And changing your actions—based on good thinking—can change your life” (p. 5). Interesting food for thought.

Habits of Character

Eisenberg et al. state the belief that habits of character revolve around the virtue of modesty which they purport is the essential quality of character. “Modesty—personal humility about one’s accomplishments and a profound commitment to the good of the company—is vital to leadership because it is inspiring” (p. 284). The authors point out that the unique blend of professional will, with personal humility, is what is found in the concept of “servant leadership” (discussed in earlier entries on this blog).

I can certainly relate to each of these three leadership “habits,” but the habits of character and the relationship to servant leadership particularly resonates with me. Habits of character certainly involve looking out for the interests of others, not just your own. From a Christian point of view, servant leadership must first be compared against the selfless model of servant leadership exemplified by Christ.

            ⁵ Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus:

⁶ Who being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, ⁷ but made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness. ⁸ And being found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself and became obedient to death – even death on a cross! (NIV Bible, Philippians 2:5-8).

Don Howell (2003) notes that, “Those who stand out in Scripture as leaders are designated, first of all, ‘servants of the Lord’” (p.4).

Habits of character also seek to include others rather than merely leading them. Sashkin & Sashkin (2003) suggest that the best leaders lead in a way that, “when the work is done and the goal attained, the people say, ‘we did it ourselves’” (p. 7).

Habits of Authentic Communicative Performance

Habits of authentic communicative performance deal with the coupling of effective communication skills with genuinely held values and beliefs. Eisenberg et al. (2007) suggest that leadership today is dependent upon 1) the ability to create and verbalize a compelling vision for the future, 2) the development of a credible life story, and 3) the ability to “use language performatively to inspire others to choose those desirable future actions and to work hard to help you attain them” (p. 286).

As we think of “authentic” communication, Ford (1991) refers to the Master communicator—Jesus…

                                                                                         

If we go to Jesus expecting to find a conscious philosophy of communication or specific speaking techniques, we will be disappointed. If, however, we see communication not as a technique, but as an expression of all that we are, then we find in Jesus the model of a master communicator (p. 230).

With all the means of communication available to us today, we may forget that principles of good communication are not new. Ford (1991) cites Aristotle as setting forth enduring principles for effective persuasion. “He (Aristotle) taught the importance of combining logos (the essence of the message), ethos (the credibility of the message) and pathos (the appeal to the inner motives of the hearer)” (p. 230).

Next week, as pertaining to the idea of being “authentic” touched upon above, we will begin a series on the subject of “Authentic Leadership.” So tune in again next week!

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References:

Eisenberg, E.M., Goodall, H.L. & Tretheway, A. (2007). Organizational communication. Balancingv crativiety and constraint. Boston, MA: Bedford/St Martin’s

Maxwell, J.C. (2003). Thinking for a change. 11 ways highly successful people approach life and work. USA: Warner Books

Howell, D.N. (2003). Servants of the servant. A biblical theology of leadership. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers

Sashkin, M. & Sashkin, M.G. (2003). Leadership that matters. The critical factors for making a difference in people’s lives and organizations’ success. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.

Ford, L. (1991). Transforming leadership. Downer Grove, IL: Inter Varsity Press

Maintaining Peace, Joy and Love in the Midst of Crises - Part 4

This is the fourth in a series of blog posts examining a key to personally dealing with crises. Included in this series will be selected excerpts taken from my book,

The Power and Promises of THE NAME Jesus

available in hardcover from the publisher at…

http://www.lulu.com/shop/andy-pruitt/the-power-and-promises-of-the-name-jesus/hardcover/product-15464449.html

Or as an e-book at…

http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/power-and-promises-of-the-name-jesus-andy-pruitt/1100272628?ean=9781257321148

Or check the bookseller of your choice for availability.

Maintaining Peace, Joy and Love in the Midst of Crises

Part 4 – Love in the Midst of Hatred

In previous weeks in this continuing series on Peace, Joy and Love in the Midst of Crises, we have examined Peace in the Midst of Crisis and Joy in the Midst of Adversity. This week, as we continue this current series of blog posts, let’s think about how we might illustrate love:

 

What is love?  Is it poetry?

Why do I love thee, I really cannot say.

Tho I know it’s oft been said there must have been a way.

It doesn’t really matter how love came to be.

The only thing that that really counts

is that it came to you and me.                          AP

No.  Scratch that.  Hmmm...?  Maybe love is romance.

            John and Mary strolled hand in hand along the beach at sunset.  They felt as if the whole world belonged to them alone.  As they stopped to enjoy the beautiful golden hues of the expansive sky, made doubly radiant reflecting off the water and moist sand of the beach, John gently placed his hand around Mary’s waist.  She reciprocated by leaning in close to him, laying her head on his shoulder and wrapping her arms around him... 

No.  Forget that too.  Let’s see...?  Maybe it’s sex.

            John was aroused when Mary...

 

Naw.  We won’t even start on that one.  Let’s consider a different angle.  It could be that love is obedience.  Jesus did say... “If you love me, you will obey what I command” (NIV Bible, John 14:15).  Or perhaps it is sacrifice.  “Greater love has no one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends” (NIV Bible, John 15:13.

            Okay, you get the idea.  Love is a word with many and varied meanings.  It is likely the most used and misused word in the English language.  It may be employed to describe anything from an affinity for butter pecan ice cream, to intense romantic emotion, to sacrificing all for a noble cause.

            Love is a subject with which mankind has been obsessed for centuries. So fixated on it are we, that it is unquestionably the major theme of our literature and art. In this short blog we have neither the time nor the inclination to exhaustively explore the topic.  Our discussion here is primarily to point out that, like peace and joy, love is something greatly longed for by human beings of all stations and statures.  Like peace and joy, it is also often quite elusive.  And, like peace and joy, true love, as God intends it to be, may only be fully realized through His presence in our lives. 

True love, we are taught, has these attributes:

“Love is patient, love is kind.  It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud.  It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs.  Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth.  It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres” (NIV Bible, 1 Corinthians 13:4-7).

We also learn that God himself is the creator and embodiment of love:

“Dear friends, let us love one another, for love comes from God.  Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God.  Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love” (NIV Bible, 1 John 4:7-8).

 

Through Jesus Christ, God demonstrated for us what love is to be:

“This is how God showed his love among us:  He sent his one and only Son into the world that we might live through him.  This is love:  not that we loved God, but that he loved us and sent his Son as an atoning sacrifice for our sins” (NIV Bible, 1 John 4:9-10).

Through Him it may become manifest within us and emanate from us:

“...God is love.  Whoever lives in love lives in God, and God in him.  In this way, love is made complete among us....” (NIV Bible, 1 John 4:16-17).  “Dear friends, since God so loved us, we also ought to love one another.  No one has ever seen God; but if we love one another, God lives in us and his love is made complete in us” (NIV Bible, 1 John 4:11-12).

It is interesting to note, when we look to the Bible, that much of what it teaches us about love concerns not how we may receive and possess love, but rather how and to whom we are to give our love.  We are commanded to love God, our neighbors, our fellow believers, and even our enemies.  “Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength” (NIV Bible, Deuteronomy 6:5),  “...love your neighbor as yourself” (NIV Bible, Leviticus 19:18).  Jesus said...  “A new command I give you:  Love one another.  As I have loved you, so you must love one another.  By this all men will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another” (NIV Bible, John 13:34-35).  He also taught... “But I tell you:  Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, that you may be sons of your Father in heaven...”  (NIV Bible, Matthew 5:44-45).

            This brings to mind leaders who followed the example of Jesus.  While He was being crucified, Jesus offered His love and intercession for those who were putting Him to death.  “When they came to the place called the Skull, there they crucified him…  Jesus said, ‘Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing’” (NIV Bible, Luke 23:33-34).  Stephen most notably followed Christ’s example.  “Just as Jesus had prayed, ‘Father forgive them’ and ‘Father, into thy hands I commit my spirit’ (Lk. 23:34,46), so Stephen prayed, ‘Lord Jesus, receive my spirit’ and ‘Lord, do not hold this sin against them’ (Acts 7:59, 60)” (Gardner 412).[1]  Stephen followed Christ’s example of love in the midst of hatred yet without compromise of the truth.

No compromise of truth in the face of suffering–

Stephen courageously spoke the truth in love and did not shrink in the face of suffering.  After masterfully chronicling the story of the Jewish people and noting a history of resisting God’s Holy Spirit inspired prophets, Stephen pronounces this indictment of his accusers:  “You stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears! You always resist the Holy Spirit; as your fathers did, so do you” (NKJV Bible, Acts 7:51).  The problem of “resisting” the Holy Spirit is a big one. The Jewish leaders whom Stephen was addressing in this passage were so steeped in the traditions and the supposed letter of the law that they could not and would not see the meaning of the Law.  The Holy Spirit, through Stephen, was bringing them fresh revelation, but if that meant viewing things differently than the way they had always done things before, they would not hear,  they resisted.  The same thing is true today in the Church.  Why are we so hell-bent on doing things the same way as always?  Why does anything new or different upset us?  Why do we so resist change?  It's not that everything new is right, but our stubborn resistance often blocks fresh revelation the Holy Spirit wants to give us now.  Bill Hybels writes, “Every leader must learn… Holy Spirit dependence.  If you do, God will make your calling sure.  And being sure of your calling will provide the staying power you need” (237).[2]  God’s leaders today must follow the direction of the Holy Spirit, must not be guilty of resisting the Holy Spirit, and must be prepared to meet resistance with courage and love.

Another example of a leader who would not compromise his faith even amidst severe suffering is Job.  “In all this Job did not sin nor charge God with wrong” (NKJV Bible, Job 1:22); “In all this Job did not sin with his lips” (NKJV Bible, Job 2:10).  Of Job’s standing as a leader, the writer of the book of Job states that, “this man was the greatest of all the people of the East” (NKJV Bible, Job 1:3).  J. Lawrence Eason comments in regard to Job’s dealing with his sufferings, “although God does not explain to Job the cause of his suffering, he becomes so sure of God’s wisdom and competence that he knows his affliction somehow is in harmony with God’s righteousness.  Job has learned to trust where he cannot understand.  This is the supreme lesson of the book (of Job)” (Eason 243).[3]

Job and Stephen were like-spirited men it seems. To have such faith and belief in God that your faith and trust cannot be swayed, no matter what is happening to you personally, is remarkable. These were not ignorant men. Job was wise. He was the most successful businessman of his time. Stephen demonstrated the most intellectually sound understanding of Old Testament history and its meaning, tying it together with the New Testament, that can be found anywhere in the Bible.  Stephen and Job show us that this kind of steadfast faith and demonstration of love is possible for Christian leaders and

those whom they lead.

Conclusion

Over these weeks looking at how leaders may handle the difficult circumstances and even attacks that may come against them and their leadership, I hope the key concept of living and leading within the context of having a personal relationship with your Creator has resonated within your own spirit. The leader who is at peace in crisis will not be driven by a sense of urgency or fear.  The leader who remains joyful in trying situations will not succumb to depression and grumbling.  The leader who loves even those who wish them harm will not be clouded by hatred and vengeance.  The leader who possesses peace, joy and love will not only enjoy the benefits of these fruits of the Spirit, but will engender followers to whom they will be an inspiration.  And, as has been seen in the lives and leadership of all of the successful biblical characters examined, the key to abiding peace, joy and love in and through critical situations, is in maintaining a close relationship with the Lord. 

 

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NOTE: Please visit this blog site each week (a new blog is posted every Monday). This blog entry is part 4 (the concluding entry) of a series of blog posts examining the subject of Peace, Joy and Love in the Midst of Crises. Part 1 was posted on 2017-06-05, Part 2 was posted on 2017-06-12 and Part 3 was posted on 2017-06-19.  

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[1] Gardner, Joseph L., Editorial Director.  Who’s Who in the Bible.

            Pleasantville:  The Reader’s Digest Association, 1994

[2] Hybels, Bill. Courageous Leadership. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002 

[3] Eason, J. Lawrence.  The New Bible Survey. 

Grand Rapids:  Zondervan Publishing House, 1977

Maintaining Peace, Joy and Love in the Midst of Crises - Part 3

This is the third in a series of blog posts examining a key to personally dealing with crises. Included in this series will be selected excerpts taken from my book,

The Power and Promises of THE NAME Jesus

available in hardcover from the publisher at…

http://www.lulu.com/shop/andy-pruitt/the-power-and-promises-of-the-name-jesus/hardcover/product-15464449.html

Or as an e-book at…

http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/power-and-promises-of-the-name-jesus-andy-pruitt/1100272628?ean=9781257321148

Or check the bookseller of your choice for availability.

Maintaining Peace, Joy and Love in the Midst of Crises

Part 3 – Joy in the Midst of Adversity

Last week in this continuing series on Peace, Joy and Love in the Midst of Crises, we examined Peace in the Midst of Crisis. This week, as we continue this current series of blog posts, let’s consider an illustration of the concept of joy:

George was ecstatic.  “I can’t believe it!”  He exclaimed laughing.  “I can’t believe it!”  Then he burst into an almost uncontrollable laughter until his cheeks and sides ached.

            “Yes.  Mr. George C. Morrison, you’d better believe it.” The announcer intoned in that deep baritone professional voice.  “You have just been confirmed as the grand prize winner in our ten million dollar sweepstakes!  Mr. George C. Morrison, of Wakeville, Colorado; you are now a multi-millionaire!”  The audience explodes into thunderous applause, the band strikes into a rockin version of “Happy days are here again,” while the camera moves in for a close up of George jumping up and down, shouting with glee, then laughing hysterically while holding his belly.

            Now wouldn’t you say this is a perfect picture of joy and happiness?  No?  Perhaps we should consider another example:

            “Six.”  The jailer counted as he again struck his prisoner’s bare back.  “Seven.”  The prisoner grimaced with pain at each stroke of the jailer’s whipping rod.  “Eight.”  The...

            “Whoa.  Wait a minute” you may be thinking.  “This is supposed to be an illustration about joy.  You must have forgotten what you were writing about.  Physical abuse is certainly not joyful.”

            No, I didn’t forget.  Just hang in there and let me finish, okay.  Now where was I?  Oh yes...

            “Eight.”  The jailer continued.

            The prisoner began praising the Lord.  “Praise Jehovah” he said looking upward.  “Lord Jesus, I count it a privilege to suffer for your name’s sake.”

            “Nine.”

            “The joy of the Lord is my strength.”

            “Ten.”

            The beating was finally finished.  Ten lashes with the rod was the court-ordered sentence to be followed by shackles and incarceration.   The jailer then proceeded to carry out the rest of the sentence.  He took Paul into the jail and chained him securely next to Silas who had received the same punishment. 

            Their crime was merely preaching and teaching the gospel of Jesus Christ.  Their mission was to show people how they could have the presence of Jesus in their own hearts and lives—the presence of the living God which brings true peace, joy and love within.

            As Paul and Silas sat chained in that cell, they were anything but comfortable.  The open sores on their backs ached.  The shackles around their wrists and ankles were made of cold, hard, heavy metal.  The jail itself was dark, damp and drafty.  Such were the external conditions.  However, Paul and Silas had something within them which could not be touched by external things.  So full of the presence of the Lord were they, that they began to rejoice and sing praises (Based on Acts 16:16-34).

            That is incredible!  How could they still have joy after having been so severely and unjustly mistreated?  The answer to this question lies in the fact that true joy, as true peace, is appropriated only by the presence of the Lord.  It may reside within us whether or not we may be enjoying the temporal pleasures and comforts of life.

            This point may further be illustrated by examining the meanings of the words happiness and joy.  Joy may be defined as pleasure or delight resulting from “exultation of spirit” (OED).[1]

The word happiness comes from the same root as words like happenstance or haphazard.  It has to do with chance or luck (OED).[2]  Happiness is derived from conditions or things which happen to come to us or surround us, that bring us a sense of pleasure or well being.  On the other hand, the joy of the Lord (as we have already alluded to) is just the opposite.  It is the by-product of the presence of Jesus that resides within our spirit.

            Mr. George C. Morrison in our first story was no doubt the recipient of a certain degree of good fortune—alright, a huge degree of good fortune.  How long he might retain that happiness, of course, would depend on a number of other factors in the life of Mr. George C. Morrison.  But the “joy” he received from the moment was derived from “good luck” and was selfish in nature.  That is to say, it originated from something outside of himself coming to him.  If the depth of one’s feeling of pleasure and satisfaction is dependent only on external stimuli, then if you were to take away the external benefit, happiness would depart with it.

            Paul and Silas, in our second story, certainly did not enjoy good luck in their situation.  Yet, the joy within them remained and even flowed out to others.  That is the essential difference.  Joy flows in the opposite direction from happiness.  It originates from within and flows outward.  It is not selfish in nature.  Read the whole story of Paul and Silas in Acts 16:16-34.  The joy they possessed involved more than just the rejoicing within their own hearts.  It flowed out of them as a witness to the other prisoners in the jail and eventually resulted in more followers.  The jailer and his entire family received their message and became followers of Christ.

            The apostle Paul was a man of singular purpose—to share the Gospel and build Christ’s Church.  He had a deep understanding of suffering and recognized it as another means to reach the lost.  Don Howell notes, “Paul expounds a theology of suffering that includes three overlapping dimensions of significance.  First, his sufferings are endured for the edification of the church, the body of Christ…  Secondly, the suffering of the apostle, and by extension that of the churches, authenticates their identification with Jesus, the suffering Servant…  Third, the apostles sufferings are marks of authentication as a true servant of Christ” (280-281).[3]  The apostle Paul was a model to his followers of not only how to endure crises, but of how to flourish through hardship and suffering.  He taught his followers to expect hardship and, through Christ’s presence within them, to live above crises.

            Nehemiah 8:10 encourages, “...Do not sorrow, for the joy of the Lord is your strength” (NKJV Bible).  The apostle Peter, no doubt speaking from experience, states, “...though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials.  These have come so that your faith—of greater worth than gold, which perishes even though refined by fire—may be proved genuine and may result in praise, glory and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed.  Though you have not seen him, you love him; and even though you do not see him now, you believe in him and are filled with an inexpressible and glorious joy, for you are receiving the goal of your faith, the salvation of your souls” (NIV Bible, 1 Peter 1:6-9).  “Dear friends, do not be surprised at the painful trial you are suffering, as though something strange were happening to you.  But rejoice that you participate in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may be overjoyed when his glory is revealed” (NIV Bible, I Peter 4:12-13).

            Joy is not derived by the nice things that happen to you, but by the presence of the Lord flowing out of you. What a wonderful benefit the joy of the Lord can bring to healthy leadership.

(to be continued)

_______________ 

NOTE: Please visit this blog site each week (a new blog is posted every Monday). This blog entry is part 3 of a series of blog posts examining the subject of Peace, Joy and Love in the Midst of Crises. Part 1 was posted on 2017-06-05 and Part 2 was posted on 2017-06-12.

Next week: Part 4 - “Love In the Midst of Hatred.”  

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[1] Oxford English Dictionary—Second Edition. Oxford University Press, 1989

[2] Ibid.

[3] Howell, Don N. Jr. Servants of the Servant, A Biblical Theology of Leadership.

Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2003

Maintaining Peace, Joy and Love in the Midst of Crises - Part 2

This is the second in a series of blog posts examining a key to personally dealing with crises. Included in this series will be selected excerpts taken from my book,

The Power and Promises of THE NAME Jesus

available in hardcover from the publisher at…

http://www.lulu.com/shop/andy-pruitt/the-power-and-promises-of-the-name-jesus/hardcover/product-15464449.html

Or as an e-book at…

http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/power-and-promises-of-the-name-jesus-andy-pruitt/1100272628?ean=9781257321148

Or check the bookseller of your choice for availability.

Maintaining Peace, Joy and Love in the Midst of Crises

Part 2 – Peace in the Midst of Crisis

Last week we introduced this current series of blog posts examining a key to personally dealing with crises. This week and in the coming weeks, as this series continues, we will examine in turn the virtues of peace, joy and love in the context of leaders responses to critical situations. For this week let’s consider the following personal illustration defining the concept of peace:

It was one of those rare moments which could easily have been missed completely.  Yet, fifty nine years later I can still recall and appreciate the memory of it.  I was seven years old.  It was another carefree Midwestern summer day for the children of Bellefontaine Street.  Our sole occupation was to play and have fun; an occupation which we pursued diligently.  On this particular day our make believe adventures had brought us to be sitting on the curb in front of my house.  So full of energy and activity were we, that just stopping to sit down was in itself a bit of an oddity.  As we sat there chattering and laughing, Deena was the first to notice it.  She suddenly stopped talking, raised her head in awareness of something, looked up slightly and sat motionless.

            “What is it?” Toni asked.

            “Quiet” Deena said raising her hand.

            I was still laughing over my last silly joke.  “Shhh!” Deena commanded, whereupon I fell silent as well. 

            “Do you hear that?”  Deena looked at us and then looked back up.

            The awareness then struck us all.  We were experiencing a moment in which the world was completely still.  There were no birds chirping.  There were no insects buzzing.  There was no breeze rustling the leaves of the trees.  Not even the distant sound of a solitary dog barking or the faint vroom-hum of an automobile blocks away could be heard.  No sound whatsoever could be detected.  We sat awestruck at the sound of nothingness.  At that moment I first experienced the definition of peace. 

            Peace in today’s world is primarily defined as the cessation or prevention of war.  It has to do with treaties and agreements designed to avoid quarrels and disturbances.  In that sense, it implies a certain acquired harmony and concord.

            In the Bible the word peace, in addition to connotations of collective unity and personal wholeness (Vine 283-284),[1] often refers to the state of being quiet and at rest.  It not only denotes being in the midst of complete stillness and tranquility—as when Jesus spoke to the storm “Peace!  Be still!” and all was calm (Mark 4:39)—but also carries the idea of being silent or mute (Strong NT4623).[2]  Sometimes, therefore, peace means to be quiet and start listening.  Personal peace is needful not only for our own health and well being, but also to give us the opportunity to hear, know and respond to the voice of our Lord.

            In John 14:27, Jesus tells us that He desires to give us His peace; a peace which is different from what the world sees as peace.  Jesus’ peace, we are told, will allay our fears and calm our troubled hearts.  “Peace I leave with you, My peace I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you.  Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid” (NKJV Bible, John  14:27).

Again and again Jesus demonstrates His compassion for the individual.  He understands that regardless of the state of nations and communities, there is no peace for the person who carries worry and conflict in his own heart and mind.  He knows that the only real hope for peace in the world is when each man and woman experiences victory over the conflicts within themselves.  All that is needed to appropriate that victory and subsequent peace is the presence of Jesus in our lives.  We, therefore, need to understand that true peace is not merely the absence of conflict; it is the presence of Jesus Christ.  When we practice the presence of Jesus in our lives by relinquishing control of our concerns to Him, then we will not only benefit personally, but His peace may also flow freely out of us to the world and hearten our followers.  For this reason it is vitally important that we each make time frequently to be still before the Lord, allowing His presence to continually and repeatedly bring us peace within. 

“Come, behold the works of the Lord, Who has made desolations in the earth. He makes wars cease to the end of the earth; He breaks the bow and cuts the spear in two; He burns the chariot in the fire.  Be still, and know that I am God; I will be exalted among the nations, I will be exalted in the earth!  The Lord of hosts is with us; The God of Jacob is our refuge” (NKJV Bible, Psalm 46:8-11).  We would all do well to take our Bibles and underline or circle the words “be still” in this passage.

            When you find yourself in the midst of conflict you may call upon the name of Jesus, the Lord of Peace, to bring resolution and harmony to the situation.  Whether the disturbance or discord is caused by external factors or is within yourself or both, and whether or not you see any external evidence that the difficulties have been overcome, in Jesus’ name you have been promised peace within.  When you allow Jesus’ presence in your life—when you allow Him to be Lord over every situation in you life, your heart need not be troubled nor be afraid.  He is our peace.  Hallelujah!  “For he himself is our peace...” (NIV Bible, Ephesians 2:14).  Jesus encourages us, “...in Me you may have peace.  In the world you will have tribulation; but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world” (NKJV Bible, John 16:33).  Again, we are admonished in Phillipians 4:6-7, “Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God.  And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus” (NIV Bible).

            The apostle Peter was undoubtedly the chief leader of Christ’s emerging Church.  Of Peter’s leadership potential, Don Howell notes, “When Jesus set apart the twelve to be his apostles, that is, commissioned representatives of the kingdom, Peter must have soon been identified as the primus inter pares, the first among equals.  All four of the New Testament lists of the twelve apostles begin with Peter” (207).[3]  In the book of Acts, chapter 12, Peter shows us a remarkable example of a leader at peace in the midst of crisis.  

“Then he (Herod) killed James the brother of John with the sword. And because he saw that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to seize Peter also...” (NKJV Bible, Acts 12:2-3).  Herod was a king consumed with evil, yet not entirely sovereign. He was held in check by the Romans and by the ruling class among the Jews.  In his anger and hatred for Jesus the Christ, whom his father (Herod the Great) had tried to destroy, he lashed out at the new sect of believers in Jesus, and killed one of their foremost leaders - James.  The Jewish leaders were so delighted by this that he decided to kill Peter too.  Acts 12 describes how Peter was miraculously spared.

“The night before Herod was to bring him to trial, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains, and sentries stood guard at the entrance.  Suddenly an angel of the Lord appeared and a light shone in the cell.  He struck Peter on the side and woke him up. ‘Quick, get up!’ he said, and the chains fell off Peter's wrists” (NIV Bible, Acts 12:6-7).  Did you catch that?  Peter was sleeping.  He was in all likelihood going to be executed just like James, but he was at peace enough to sleep and had to be awakened by the angel of the Lord.  In the midst of crisis, Peter had the presence of the Lord within and was at perfect peace.

The leader who can maintain peace even in the most trying of circumstances will certainly be better equipped to engender the confidence of followers as well as enjoying better emotional, spiritual and physical health. True peace is not just the absence of conflict; the key to real peace is by living in relationship with Jesus—in having the   presence of the Lord within.  

(to be continued)

_______________ 

NOTE: Please visit this blog site each week (a new blog is posted every Monday). This blog entry is part 2 of a series of blog posts examining the subject of Peace, Joy and Love in the Midst of Crises. Part 1 was posted on 2017-06-05.

Next week: Part 3 - “Joy In the Midst of Adversity.”   

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[1] Vine, W.E. An Expository Dictionary of Biblical Words.

Nashville:  Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1984

[2] Strong, James. Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, Greek Dictionary of the

 New Testament. Nashville:  Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1979

[3] Howell, Don N. Jr. Servants of the Servant, A Biblical Theology of Leadership.

Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2003